淋巴瘤与转移淋巴结的超声弹性成像特征及其临床价值

目的:探讨淋巴瘤与转移淋巴结的超声弹性成像特征及其临床价值。方法:选取2017年7月至2019年2月我院收治的浅表淋巴结肿大的患者118例，其中淋巴瘤与转移淋巴结各59例，进行超声弹性成像，比较淋巴瘤组淋巴结和转移组淋巴结常规超声参数、弹性评分和弹性应变率比值。结果:淋巴瘤组长径、短径、长短径比值均大于转移组，淋巴瘤组淋巴门结构消失率低于转移组，淋巴瘤组淋巴结弹性评分及弹性应变率比值均低于转移组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；以SR 2.51为截断值，弹性成像诊断淋巴瘤的敏感性、特异性分别为74.58%、89.83%。结论:弹性成像能够提供组织硬度信息，通过弹性评分及弹性应变率比值，结合常规超声图像，能够为淋巴瘤及转移淋巴结的鉴别诊断提供可靠依据，具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis protects against recurrence in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid cancer

BackgroundChronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) frequently coexists with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that exhibits normal thyroid function. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CLT and clinically lymph node (LN)-negative PTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical central LN metastasis and CLT, and to assess the impact of CLT on the recurrence of clinically LN-negative PTC.MethodsWe investigated the medical records of 850 patients with PTC who underwent prophylactic bilateral central neck dissection as well as total thyroidectomy between 2004 and 2010; the median follow-up time was 95.5 months (range, 12–158 months).ResultsCLT was observed in 480 patients (56.5%). Female sex, a preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone level >2.5 mU/L, a primary tumor ≤1 cm, no gross extrathyroidal extension, high number of harvested LNs, low number of metastatic LNs, and positive anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody at 1 year post-initial treatment were significantly associated with the presence of CLT. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with N1a stage (vs. N0 stage; hazard ratio [HR], 3.255; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.290–8.213; p = 0.012) and positive anti-Tg antibody at 1 year post-initial treatment (vs. negative anti-Tg antibody; HR, 5.118; 95% CI, 2.130–12.296; p < 0.001) had poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS), while those with CLT (vs. no CLT; HR, 0.357; 95% CI, 0.157–0.812; p = 0.014) had favorable RFS outcomes.ConclusionsCLT is associated with less aggressive tumor characteristics and LN metastasis. Clinically LN-negative PTC patients with CLT experience longer RFS intervals than those without CLT.     

吲哚菁绿荧光成像技术在甲状腺外科的应用进展

目前，在甲状腺外科手术中困扰临床医生的主要难题仍然是手术范围的选择和术后甲状旁腺功能减退症的发生。而吲哚菁绿作为一种近红外荧光成像剂，利用其实时荧光成像技术可显示组织器官血流灌注情况，进行区域淋巴结显影，精准定位病灶范围，在外科手术中优势显著，已广泛应用于眼科、乳腺外科等临床科室。近年来在甲状腺外科也开展了相关的基础和临床研究，本文复习相关文献，就吲哚菁绿在甲状腺手术中的应用进展作一综述。     

HPV检测原发灶不明颈淋巴结转移癌的诊断作用初探(附6例报告)

目的 初步探讨HPV检测在诊断原发灶不明的颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌中的价值。方法 收集复旦大学附属肿瘤医院6例首诊为原发灶不明的颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,最终确诊为HPV相关口咽鳞癌,分析确诊过程。结果 首诊时6例患者均被确诊为颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,且p16表达阳性和HPV-16亚型阳性,而EBER表达阴性。经全面检查均未发现明显的原发病灶。随后对其中4例予同侧扁桃体盲检(2例)和切除(2例),病理均证实为扁桃体鳞癌。另2例分别在随访第149天、545天MRI检查发现同侧口咽侧壁和舌根增厚伴强化,经活检分别证实为扁桃体鳞癌、舌根鳞癌。结论 对于原发灶不明的HPV阳性颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,应高度怀疑原发病灶来源于口咽部位的可能性,特别是扁桃体和舌根部位。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结转移综合预测模型的建立

目的:建立乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移的综合预测模型，评估新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移情况，指导临床手术方案选择。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2018年12月143例乳腺癌新辅助化疗患者的临床、病理及影像资料，并根据术后淋巴结病理分为转移组与无转移组。采用χ2/t检验对两组指标进行单因素分析；将P<0.05的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。用多因素分析有统计学意义(P<0.05)的指标构建乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移综合预测模型的列线图，并应用受试者工作特征（receiver operation characteristic,ROC)曲线评价此模型的性能。结果:单因素分析表明化疗方案、化疗前淋巴结穿刺病理、术前查体、术前彩超、术前CT/MRI、RECIST分级对腋窝淋巴结转移有预测作用；多因素分析表明，化疗前淋巴结穿刺病理、术前彩超、RECIST分级是新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结转移的独立预测因素。乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移的预测模型的曲线下面积为0.785，特异度为85.4%，敏感度为59.8%。结论:乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移的综合预测模型对腋窝淋巴结有较好的预测能力，可为选择合适的手术方式提供临床指导。     

Patterns of axillary staging and management in clinically node positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy: Results of a survey amongst breast cancer specialists

IntroductionVarious options for axillary staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) are available for breast cancer patients with a clinically positive axillary node (cN+). This survey assessed current practices amongst breast cancer specialists.Materials and methodsA survey was performed amongst members of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and two UK-based Associations: the Association of Breast Surgery and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. The survey included 3 parts: 1. general information, 2. diagnostic work-up and 3. axillary staging after NST.ResultsA total of 310 responses were collected: parts 1, 2 and 3 were fully completed by 282 (91%), 270 (87.1%) and 225 (72.6%) respondents respectively. After NST, 153/267 (57.3%) respondents currently perform ALND routinely and 114 (42.7%) respondents perform less invasive restaging of the axilla with possible omission of ALND. In the latter group, 85% does and 15% does not use nodal response seen on imaging to guide the axillary restaging procedure. Regarding respondents that do use imaging: 95% would perform a less invasive staging procedure in case of complete nodal response on imaging (63% sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), excision of a previously marked positive node with SLNB (21%) and without SLNB (11%)). In case of no nodal response on imaging 77% would perform ALND.ConclusionCurrent axillary staging and management practices in cN + patients after NST vary widely. To determine optimal axillary staging and management in terms of quality of life and oncologic safety, breast specialists are encouraged to include patients in clinical trials/prospective registries.     

转录激活因子-4、第二个线粒体衍生的半胱氨酸蛋白酶激活剂在卵巢癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨卵巢癌组织中转录激活因子-4(ATF-4)、第二个线粒体衍生的半胱氨酸蛋白酶激活剂(SMAC)蛋白的表达情况及临床意义。方法收集90例卵巢癌患者的卵巢癌组织标本和90例卵巢良性肿瘤患者的良性肿瘤组织标本。采用免疫组化染色法检测两种组织中ATF-4、SMAC蛋白的表达情况,并对卵巢癌组织中ATF-4、SMAC蛋白表达与卵巢癌患者病理特征的关系进行分析。结果免疫组化染色结果显示,卵巢癌组织中ATF-4的阳性表达率明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤组织(P﹤0.01)。卵巢癌组织中SMAC蛋白的阳性表达率明显低于卵巢良性肿瘤组织(P﹤0.01)。FIGO分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、组织学分级为G3级的上皮性卵巢癌患者上皮性卵巢癌组织中ATF-4蛋白的阳性表达率均高于FIGO分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、组织学分级为G1~G2级的患者(P﹤0.05);FIGO分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、组织学分级为G3级的上皮性卵巢癌患者上皮性卵巢癌组织中SMAC蛋白的阳性表达率均明显低于FIGO分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、组织学分级为G1~G2级的患者(P﹤0.01);不同病灶直径的上皮性卵巢癌组织中ATF-4、SMAC蛋白的阳性表达率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论上皮性卵巢癌组织中ATF-4蛋白的表达上调,SMAC蛋白的表达下调,且ATF-4、SMAC蛋白表达可能与上皮性卵巢癌患者的病情进展有一定关系。